Application Of Process Research Articles

Improvement of nucleotide content of Cordyceps tenuipes by Schisandra chinensis: fermentation process optimization and application prospects.

Nucleotides are important components and the main indicators for judging Cordyceps quality. In this paper, the mixed fermentation process of Schisandra chinensis and Cordyceps tenuipes was systematically studied, and it was proposed that the fermentation products aqueous extract (S-ZAE) had antioxidant activity and anti-AChE ability. Herein, the results of a single factor showed that S. chinensis, yeast extract, inoculum amount, and pH had significant effects on nucleotide synthesis. The fermentation process optimization results were 3% glucose, 0.25% KH2PO4, 2.1% yeast extract, and S. chinensis 0.49% (m/v), the optimal fermentation conditions were 25℃, inoculum 5.8% (v/v), pH 3.8, 6 d. The yield of total nucleotides in the scale-up culture was 0.64 ± 0.027mg/mL, which was 10.6 times higher than before optimization. S-ZAE has good antioxidant and anti-AChE activities (IC50 0.50 ± 0.050mg/mL). This fermentation method has the advantage of industrialization, and its fermentation products have the potential to become good functional foods or natural therapeutic agents.

Application of solar photo-Fenton process to treat Eriochrome Black-T in water and wastewater from water hardness determination

Application of solar photo-Fenton process to treat Eriochrome Black-T in water and wastewater from water hardness determination

The cybersecurity entrepreneur

AbstractCybersecurity is a major U.S. policy issue with a sizable coalition asserting that self-regulation is failing, primarily due to rampant low quality security products and a dearth of threat information sharing. State intervention proponents, however, generally disregard the role of cybersecurity entrepreneurial activity in fixing disequilibria. My research identifies how entrepreneurs adeptly satisfy consumers’ cybersecurity preferences by developing strong self-regulating mechanisms where data valuations are relatively high. I then empirically examine how entrepreneurial innovations have ameliorated discoordination and significantly improved market outcomes over time through the application of the market process and price theory.

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF QIANG COSTUMES

Рurpose. This paper analyzes the evolution process and cultural connotation of Qiang costume form, discusses the application form of Qiang costume elements in modern clothing design, and provides a theoretical basis for the innovative design of national costumes. Methodology. The field research method, literature analysis method, and case study method are used to analyze the evolution process, cultural connotation, and design application of Qiang costumes. Results. By studying the development process and style design changes of the Qiang costumes, it is concluded that its unique cultural connotation and design characteristics are closely related to the social characteristics, production methods and religious beliefs of the Qiang people. It is the materialized expression of the Qiang people's world outlook and national psychology. It reveals the reasons for the change of the Qiang costume modelling and proposes the method of using ethnic elements in modern costume design. Scientific novelty. This paper studies the development process of Qiang costume shape from the perspective of design, history, ethnology and anthropology, and puts forward that Qiang costume is the materialized expression form of local people 's world outlook, values and aesthetics, and clarifies that the change of Qiang costume shape is influenced by religious culture and Han-Tibetan culture. Suggestions are made in the form of integration of national costume elements with modern clothing design. Practical significance. The Qiang costume has been fused with other ethnic cultures in the course of historical changes, which is both inherited and changed, which is very inspiring to modern costume design. Digging deeper into the cultural connotation and design language of Qiang costume, so that it can innovate the design method and explore the design carrier while inheriting the national culture, so as to provide reference for the creation of a costume design that can embody both the traditional Chinese culture and the sense of the times.

Peran Psikologi dalam Pendidikan Islam

This article discusses the role and application of psychology in Islamic education. The aim is to find out the extent of psychology's role in Islamic education, as well as its application in the Islamic education process. This research uses a literature review approach from several book sources, journal articles and websites. The research results show that psychology plays an active role as a means of bridging educators in knowing the character, attitudes, characteristics and habits of students, so that the learning process in education can run smoothly. All obstacles can be resolved precisely and quickly. Understanding the Islamic religion in a kaffah way is an important aspect that must be considered by all pillars of education, such as: school principals, educators, students, parents and all school residents. With a balance between Islamic religious knowledge, then combined with strengthening psychological knowledge, it will have various positive impacts on Islamic religious education it self.

Impact of silt chemical composition on deflocculation and coagulation of clay-rich paste

This paper investigates the impact of the chemical composition of two silts, quartz and limestone, on the deflocculation/coagulation process for poured earth application. The driving mechanisms behind the evolution of the rheological behavior after the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate are highlighted through zeta potential measurementand the chemical changes with ICP-OES and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The first results show that adding sodium hexametaphosphate into the quartz silt modifies its inter-particle forces through electrostatic repulsion forces induced by the adsorption of phosphate anions onto the quartz structure. For limestone paste, the deflocculation mechanism is affected by the dissolution of the calcite. This dissolution leads to a release of Ca2+ cations and an increase in the paste's pH, reducing the paste deflocculation rate. These dissolved Ca2+ cations in the solution conduct to a partial coagulation making the delayed flocculation targeted initially with the addition of magnesium oxide less effective.

Design and optimization of heat dissipation for a high-voltage control box in energy storage systems

Abstract To address the issue of excessive temperature rises within the field of electronic device cooling, this study adopts a multi-parameter optimization method. The primary objective is to explore and realize the design optimization of the shell structure of the high voltage control box, aiming to effectively mitigate the temperature rise in internal components and enhance their thermal management efficacy without altering the fan performance, environmental conditions, or spatial layout. Initially, the study employs computational fluid dynamics methods to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of the high voltage control box, subsequently verifying the simulation parameters' accuracy through temperature rise tests. Building upon this foundation, the article conducts a thorough analysis of how the position and shape of the box's openings impact the device's temperature rise. The findings suggest that configuring circular openings on the front and rear sides can optimize the heat dissipation effect. Moreover, the SHERPA algorithm was employed to refine the size and distribution of the openings on the outer shell of the high voltage control box through multi-parameter optimization, yielding locally optimal structural parameters. Post-optimization, the temperature measurement points within the high voltage control box exhibited a maximum reduction in temperature rise of 27.16%. The pivotal contribution of this methodology is the application of a data-driven decision-making process for the enhancement of conventional heat dissipation designs. This research offers invaluable practical insights and novel perspectives on the optimization of thermal management designs for box-type electronic devices.

Preparation of cationic waterborne polyurethane and its application in leather dyeing

The development of organic chromium-free tanning agents is currently a major research focus in leather tanning. However, these agents decrease the electrical potential of the tanned leather, which hampers the absorption of subsequent anionic dyes and fatliquoring agents. Consequently, issues such as lower color fastness, poor dyeing effects and environmental pollution arise. To address these challenges, this study proposes the utilization of anionic polyurethane (CWPU) as a dye fixing agent to enhance its performance and application in the leather preparation process. CWPU was successfully synthesized using polycarbonate diol (PCDL), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as raw materials, and the optimal synthesis conditions were optimized. The experimental results showed that the synthesized CWPU color fixing agent exhibited excellent emulsion properties and comprehensive performance when the PCDL: PPG ratio was 1:1 and the MDEA addition amount was 6 wt%. When applied to leather color fixation, the leather not only achieved improved dry and wet rubbing fastness levels of 4–5 but also demonstrated significant improvements in solvent wash resistance and perspiration fastness. Furthermore, the leather treated with CWPU color fixing agent exhibited deeper color and improved physical and mechanical properties and tactile quality. Therefore, this study provides an effective choice of color fixing agent for environmentally friendly chromium-free tanning systems and has broad prospects for the application of acid dyes.

ЧИСЕЛЬНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ВПЛИВУ ПРОДУКТІВ ДЕТОНАЦІЇ НА НАДЗВУКОВИЙ ПОТІК ПОВІТРЯ

Currently, there is a large number of control bodies used in modern rocket technol-ogy. Gasdynamic systems are usually used in rocket engines to change the thrust vector, less often - to create asymmetric air flow around the case. But the application of the det-onation process for such scheme can have better energy and dynamic characteristics compared to existing systems. The driving force in such scheme is created not only by the reactive mass force of detonation products ejected from the gas generator, but also by the effect of an intense shock wave on the pattern of supersonic flow around the rocket. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the experiment. The purpose of the study is a priori numerical study of the detonation wave effect on the supersonic flow in the nozzle. Modeling was carried out in the Solid Works application software package. The geometric parameters of the model coincide with the experimental model. It is a flat nozzle, one of the walls is longer than the other and imitates the surface of the rocket. Air, accelerating in the nozzle to supersonic speeds with Mach number M=1.3...2, flows around this wall. Setting devices affecting the flow in it, it is possible to investigate their influence and the possibility of creating a lateral (controlling) force. When detonation is used to disturb the flow, an intense shock wave is generated in it, which changes the pres-sure distribution on the wall surface. Some holes for pressure sensors are made in the wall to fix this disturbance over time. A priori numerical modeling was carried out in order to estimate the parameters of the interaction of detonation products with the supersonic air flow. The pressure range and duration of the process have been determined, which allows selection of equipment and planning of the experiment. Patterns of velocity and pressure distribution in the model over time were obtained.

Sustainable biochar application in anammox process: Unveiling novel pathways for enhanced nitrogen removal and efficient start-up at low temperature

This study explored the use of biochar to accelerate the establishment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors operating at 15 ± 1℃. Incorporating 10 g/L bamboo charcoal in S1 accelerated the start-up of anammox in 87 days, which was significantly shorter than 103 days in S0 (without biochar). After 140 days, S1 exhibited a 10.9 % increase in nitrogen removal efficiency due to a 28.9 % elevation in extracellular polymeric substances, bolstering anammox bacterial resilience. Predominant anammox bacteria (Cadidatus Brocadia and Cadidatus Jettenia) showed relative abundances of 3.19 % and 0.38 % in S1, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.40 % and 0.05 % in S0. Biochar provides favorable habitats for the enrichment of anammox bacteria and accelerates the establishment of anammox at low temperatures. This finding holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of anammox in cold climates and advancing sustainable wastewater nitrogen removal.

Strategies for efficient enrichment of anaerobic ammonia bacteria in the activated sludge

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is an economical and sustainable wastewater nitrogen removal technology, and its application in the mainstream process is the inevitable trend of the development of Anammox. However, how to effectively enriching Anammox bacteria from the activated sludge remains challenging and restricts its extensive applications. In this study, the rapid and efficient enrichment of Anammox bacteria was achieved by raising the reflux ratio and nitrogen loading rate (NLR) using conventional activated sludge as the inoculant. In the screening phase (days 1–90), the reflux ratio was increased to discharge partial floc sludge, resulting in the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadiaceae increased from 0.04 % to 22.54 %, which effectively reduced the matrix and spatial competition between other microorganisms and Anammox bacteria. On day 90, the stoichiometric ratio of the Anammox process closely approached the theoretical value of 1: 1.32: 0.26, indicating that the Anammox reaction was the primary nitrogen removal process in the system. In the enrichment phase (days 91–238), the NLR increased from 0.43 to 1.20 kgN/(m3·d) and removal efficiency was 71.89 %, resulting in the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadiaceae increased to 61.27 % on day 180. The reactor operated steadily from days 444 to 498, maintaining the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 3.00 kgN/(m3·d) and achieving successful sludge granulation with the particle size of 392.4 µm. In short, this study provided a simple and efficient approach for enriching Anammox bacteria from the activated sludge, supporting to start an Anammox process efficiently.

Insulating refractories based on rice husk ashes functionalized by flame-sprayed alumina coatings for steel ingot casting

This study investigates a new insulating refractory material based on rice husk ashes (RHA) for its application in the steel ingot casting process. The excellent insulating properties of this material may improve heat- and energy balance during ingot casting. A flame-sprayed alumina coating is applied to provide chemical inertness of the substrate material against the steel melt. The refractoriness, oxidation resistance, phase evolution and thermal expansion of four different grades of RHA materials and phase evolution and thermal expansion of flame-sprayed alumina coatings are studied. The refractoriness of the RHA materials increased with increasing silica content, showing sufficient refractoriness up to 1600°C for SiO2>94wt%. Immersion tests with composite materials made from RHA substrate and flame-sprayed alumina coating were successfully performed in a steel casting simulator. No deformation of the substrate material nor spalling of the flame-sprayed alumina coating was observed despite an immersion without preheating.

Research on Risk Management in International Engineering Project Contracting with Third World Countries in Africa

Risk management of international engineering project contracting with third world countries in Africa is a critical aspect that requires thorough investigation due to the unique challenges and complexities involved. The study delves into the various risk factors prevalent in international engineering projects with third world countries in Africa; different risk management strategy options and how they can be tailored to suit the specific context of international engineering projects with third world countries in Africa to enhance project success rates. The research will also investigate the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in prioritizing and selecting risk management strategies based on their importance and effectiveness in complex engineering projects.

Leveraging Technology Enhancement: The Well-Being Emotional Intelligence, Security Keys to the University Students’ Readiness in Digital Learning Ecosystem

The principle of the digital learning ecosystem is the application of the educational process through digital learning environment platforms that help users learn more effectively. Educational institutions, teachers and students must evolve to adapt and be ready for the new world of learning. The individual’s emotional quality can influence their readiness in the digital learning ecosystem. This study aimed to examine whether there is a significant relationship between students’ readiness in the digital learning ecosystem and their emotional intelligence levels. This study utilized a correlational research method and multiple linear regression analysis. For data collection, the primary tools used were Trait Emotional Intelligence Scale-Short Form (TEIS-SF) and the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS). The questionnaires were administered to 103 students enrolled in seven different higher institutions in Brunei. The results of the research showed that there was a link between students’ online learning readiness levels and their emotional intelligence levels. This study found that students with a high well-being sub-dimension of emotional intelligence had high online learning readiness levels.

Empowering employees for digital transformation in manufacturing enterprises: A case study

Purpose: This study explores how manufacturing enterprises can effectively promote digital transformation through employee empowerment with ability, motivation, and opportunity empowerment at different stages.Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) theory, this qualitative research takes the Jiangsu Shangshang Cable Group as a typical case to discuss manufacturing enterprises’ evolving employee empowerment model. Gioia structured data analysis method was adopted to analyse the data.Findings/results: In the stage of information technology (IT) application, the main task of employee empowerment is strengthening the employees’ abilities (‘can do’) and motivation (‘want to do’) by training their IT knowledge and skills, changing their mindset towards IT application, and letting them experience the efficiency of the latter. In the intelligence manufacturing stage, training employees to do better is the core content of employee empowerment. Enterprises can strengthen employees’ intelligent manufacturing skills, practice data-based performance appraisal and salary management, and let employees participate in intelligent manufacturing. In the stage of digital transformation of the whole process, employees are required to ‘do their best in the long run’. Enterprises could improve employee collaboration capabilities, build growth mechanisms, and involve every employee in innovation.Practical implications: In the digital transformation process, manufacturing enterprises could empower employees according to the different goals and requirements in the three stages of IT application, intelligence manufacturing, and digital transformation of the whole process. It has reference value for manufacturing enterprises to achieve digital transformation.Originality/value: This study explores a three-dimensional evolving employee empowerment model to promote manufacturing enterprises’ digital transformation.

Assessment of Potential Use of a Composite Based on Polyester Textile Waste as Packing Elements of a Trickle Bed Bioreactor.

Biological wastewater treatment using trickle bed reactors is a commonly known and used solution. One of the key elements of the proper operation of the trickle bed bioreactor is the appropriate selection of biofilm support elements. The respective properties of the bioreactor packing media used can influence, among other things, the efficiency of the treatment process. In this study, the possibility of polyester waste material usage for the preparation of the biofilm support elements was tested. The following properties were checked: adsorption capacity, swelling, surface morphology, microbicidal properties, as well as the possibility of their use in biological wastewater treatment. The tested elements did not adsorb copper nor showed microbicidal properties for bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum. The hydrophilic and rough nature of the element surface was found to provide a friendly support for biofilm formation. The durability of the elements before and after their application in the biological treatment process was confirmed by performing tests such as compressive strength, FTIR analysis, hardness analysis and specific surface area measurement. The research confirmed the applicability of the packing elements based on polyester textile waste to the treatment of textile wastewater. The treatment efficiency of the model wastewater stream was above 90%, while in the case of a stream containing 60% actual industrial wastewater it was above 80%. The proposed solution enables the simultaneous management of textile waste and wastewater treatment, which is consistent with the principles of a circular economy. The selected waste raw material is a cheap and easily available material, and the use of the developed packing elements will reduce the amount of polyester materials ending up in landfills.

An overview of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2: Structure, biological function, and small-molecule modulators.

Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in research on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), which is a type of G-protein-coupled receptor. Upon activation by S1P or other ligands, S1PR2 initiates downstream signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK), and others, contributing to the diverse biological functions of S1PR2 and playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes and disease progressions, such as multiple sclerosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and tumors. Due to the extensive biological functions of S1PR2, many S1PR2 modulators, including agonists and antagonists, have been developed and discovered by pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Novartis and Galapagos NV) and academic medicinal chemists for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, few reviews have been published that comprehensively overview the functions and regulators of S1PR2. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the advances in the function of S1PR2 and its modulators. We first summarize the structure and biological function of S1PR2 and its pathological role in human diseases. We then focus on the discovery approach, design strategy, development process, and biomedical application of S1PR2 modulators. Additionally, we outline the major challenges and future directions in this field. Our comprehensive review will aid in the discovery and development of more effective and clinically applicable S1PR2 modulators.

Authentic Materials In Teaching Methods

This article devoted the variety of existing approaches to understanding authenticity in the methodology of teaching a foreign language, we will use the traditional interpretation when by authentic it is customary to understand materials that were created by native speakers and found application in the educational process, focused on a communicative approach to teaching a foreign language outside the language environment.

Adaptive knowledge transfer-based particle swarm optimization for constrained multitask optimization

Constrained multitask optimization (CMTO) problems are frequently encountered in practical applications. However, since the feasible regions of different tasks are difficult to match under constraints, it is hard to obtain and transfer effective knowledge among different tasks, resulting in poor convergence performance. To address this issue, a constrained multitask particle swarm optimization algorithm with knowledge transfer-based adaptive penalty function (CMTPSO-APF) is proposed to improve the convergence performance. The main contributions of CMTPSO-APF are three-fold. First, a dynamic particle topology is designed to improve the neighborhood similarity for different tasks with constrained conditions. Then, the particles with similar spatial structures can facilitate the knowledge transfer between different tasks. Second, a covariance matrix learning mechanism is proposed to obtain valid knowledge with constrained conditions. Then, the proposed method can promote the population to move in the direction of the optimal solution. Third, a knowledge transfer-based adaptive penalty function for constrained multitask optimization is designed to achieve the dynamical change of penalty factor according to the evolution state. Then, the adaptive penalty function can promote the transfer of effective knowledge and improve the convergence. Finally, some simulation experiments are carried out on the CMTO benchmark test suites and the practical application of the wastewater treatment process. The results indicate that CMTPSO-APF can improve the convergence performance.

Digital Twin Meets Knowledge Graph for Intelligent Manufacturing Processes.

In the highly competitive field of material manufacturing, stakeholders strive for the increased quality of the end products, reduced cost of operation, and the timely completion of their business processes. Digital twin (DT) technologies are considered major enablers that can be deployed to assist the development and effective provision of manufacturing processes. Additionally, knowledge graphs (KG) have emerged as efficient tools in the industrial domain and are able to efficiently represent data from various disciplines in a structured manner while also supporting advanced analytics. This paper proposes a solution that integrates a KG and DTs. Through this synergy, we aimed to develop highly autonomous and flexible DTs that utilize the semantic knowledge stored in the KG to better support advanced functionalities. The developed KG stores information about materials and their properties and details about the processes in which they are involved, following a flexible schema that is not domain specific. The DT comprises smaller Virtual Objects (VOs), each one acting as an abstraction of a single step of the Industrial Business Process (IBP), providing the necessary functionalities that simulate the corresponding real-world process. By executing appropriate queries to the KG, the DT can orchestrate the operation of the VOs and their physical counterparts and configure their parameters accordingly, in this way increasing its self-awareness. In this article, the architecture of such a solution is presented and its application in a real laser glass bending process is showcased.